Systems Science: Mitä se on?

There exist several definitions of systems science:

Understanding Systems Science: A Visual and Integrative Approach: Andreas Hieronymi. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/sres.2215

Systems science is the ordered arrangement of knowledge acquired from the study of systems in the observable world, together with the application of this knowledge to the design of man-made systems. (M’Pherson, 1974, p. 229)

[Systems science] does not aim to find the one true representation for a given type of systems (e.g. physical, chemical or biological systems), but to formulate general principles about how different representations of different systems can be constructed so as to be effective in problem-solving. (Heylighen, 1990, p. 423)

Systems science can be defined as the scientific exploration and theory of systems in the various sciences, such as biology, sociology, economics, etc., while general system theory concerns the principles that apply to all. (Strijbos, 2010, p. 454)

Systems science is a science whose domain of inquiry consists of those properties of systems and associated problems that emanate from the general notion of systemhood. (Klir, 2001, p. 5)